Pulverizing or crushing machine



Sept. 19, 1933. E. E. ELZEMEYER ET AL 3 PULVERIZING OR CRUSHING MACHINEFiled Nov. 10, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ill W IN MAE/V702 Edwin E.E/zemger, Hen/- C 677525642266 & K M

T fa /84E Y fiept. 19, 1933 E. E. ELZEMEYER ET AL 1,927,297

I FULVERIZING OR CRUSHING MACHINE IN VE/V T025 fa w/h f. f/ze In -yer,

A 7 OENEY Patented Sept. 19, 1933 Utu'rso s'rArss 1,927,207 7PULVERIZING- on CRUSHING MACHINE Edwin E. Elzemeyer and Henry G.Griescdieck, Webster Groves, Mo, assignors to American liuiverizerCompany, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Missouri Application November10, 1930 Serial No. 494,660

4 Claims.

This invention relates generally to pulverizing or crushing machinesand, more particularly, to

a certain new and useful improvement in such machines of the rotaryhammer type.

Our invention has for its chief objects the provision in a machine ofthe type stated of a grinding surface laterally shiftable relatively tothe hammer mechanism; the provision in such a machine of an adju stablysuspended or floating grinding surface adapted to be shifted bothlongitudinally and laterally relatively to the crushing elements of themachine; the provision in such a machine of a grinding surface shiftablefor providing at will a rolling, crushing, or attritive action at onepoint of thegrinding surface and a striking, crushing, or impactiveaction at another point thereof; the provision in suchfa machine of agrinding surface readily shiftable relatively to the hammer mechanismwhile the machine is in operation; the provision in such a machine of agrinding surface adjustably shiftable independently at its endsrelatively to the hammer mechanism; the provision in such a machine of agrinding surface adapted to be dropped quickly and wholly away from thehammer mechanism for effectively relieving the machine of obstructions,such as uncrushable material or the like; the provision in such amachine of a closure between the shiftable grinding surface and the sideWalls of the machine; and to generally improve the construction ofmachines of the type described.

And with the above and other objects in View, our invention resides inthe novel features of form, construction, arrangement, and combinationof parts hereinafterdescribed and pointed out in the claims. 1

In the accompanying drawings (two sheets) Figure 1 is a rear endelevational view, partlyin vertical transverse section, of a pulverizingor crushing machine embodying our invention;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the machine; and

Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the machine, illustratingthemanipulative mechanism for adjusting the grinding surfaces of themachine, other parts being omitted. Referring now more in detail and byreference characters to the drawings, which illustrate a preferredembodiment of our invention, the machine briefiy includes a casingA, amain shaft B rotatable in the casing A, a hammer-mechanism C rotatablewith the shaft B, a breaker-plate D, a grinding plate E formingsubstantially a continuation of the breaker-plate D and shiftable to-'3, the shaft B carries (Clo 83'11) wards and away fromthehammer-mechanism C, a floating concave or cradle F supporting agrinding grate or screen 63- forming a continuation of the plate andshiftablelongitudinally of the machine both towards and away from andalso transversely to the axis of the hammermechanism 0, an adjustableclosure H between the grinding surfaces E, G, and the side walls of thecasing A, and an adjustable closure K'between the end of the surface Gand the front 5 wall of a trap-pocket L, all as-will more particularlyhereinafter appear.

The casing A. is pref rably horizontally divided and includes a lower orbottom section having a front wall 1, a rear wall 2, and side walls 3,suitably conjoined or connected to form a rigid structure, the sidewalls 3,4, being provided interiorly with the usual attached liners 4'.Flanges 5 extending laterally from the walls 3, 4, are adapted to engagea foundation, floor, or other supporting surface for the machine.

Mounted upon and suitably secured to the bottom section of the casing A,is a top section including a front Wall 6, a rear wall 7, and side walls8, 9, also suitably rigidly conjoined, the side walls 8, 9, likewisehaving the usual interi orly attached liners S. The top section is alsoprovided with a rear. flat top or, cover section 10, and an endwiseclosed central rounded or arcuate top or cover section 11, the'covers10, 11, each having interiorly attached liners 10' and 11',respectively. Between the forward margin of the top-section 11 and thefront wall 6, is provided a feed opening orhopper 12.

The main-shaft 301 the machine is mounted for rotation in the casing Athrough suitable dust-retaining boxes 13 each attached to and conjoiningthe corresponding pairs of upper and lower side walls 3, l, and 8, 9,respectively, of the casing A, as best seen in Figure l. The shaft B isjournaled at its opposite ends in suitable outer bearings 14 adjustahlysupported on brackets 15 outstanding from therespective lower side walls3, 4, the brackets 15 being provided with flanges 16 for engaging thefoundation or sup porting structure. At one end, adjacent the wall afly-wheel 17, and at its other end the shaft 36 carries a coupling 18for driving connection with a suitable prime-mover or electric motor 19.Threadedly engagingthe shaft Band each disposed interiorly adjacent oneof the respective side walls 3, 4, are opposing jam-nuts 20, andsubstantially extending transversely of the machine between the jam nuts1 10 20 on the shaft B is a longitudinal key 21, for a purpose soonappearing.

The hammer mechanism C comprises a group or series of abuttingbody-members or hubs 22 each shiftably or adjustably mounted on theshaft B and suitably for rotation therewith engaging the key 21.Preferably integrally formed with each hub 22, is a pair of axiallyoffset radially presented vanes or segmental arms 23 each in thicknessnarrower than the hub-body proper. We prefer to arrange the hubs 22 onthe shaft B in such manner as to space each vane 23 on one hub 22 fromthe like vanes 23 on the adjacent hubs 22, thus providing diametricallyopposing longitudinal rows or series of vanes 23 on the shaft B, thevanes in one row, it will be seen, hence alternating with the vanes inthe row on the opposite side of the shaft B. At each end of the group ofvanes 23, is a disc 24 provided with a lateral rim or flange 25, for apurpose soon appearing, and having likewise a central hub 26 mounted onthe shaft B and for rotation therewith also suitably engaging the key21. The hubs 26 of the discs 24 respectively abutting the adjacent endones of the group or series of hubs 22, the entire group of hubs 22, 26,is clamped together in suitably adjusted position on the shaft B" bymeans of the opposing jam-nuts 20.

27 designates hammer-supports or rods, of which, While six are hereshown, there may be any desired number, circumferentially equally spacedin an annular series concentrically about, and for revolution with, theshaft B, and for such purpose are mounted in opposing groups in therespective series of vanes 23. that is, three of the rods 27 extend fromend to end through one series of vanes 23, and the other three rods 2'7extend from end to end through the opposite series of vanes 23, all therods 27 being extended at their opposite ends into, and by cotters 28secured to, the flanges 25 of the respective end discs 24.

Each rod 27 supports, between alternate pairs of vanes 23, a so-calledring-grinder 29, that is, an annular crushing element or hammer having aperipherally smooth grinding or crushing surface, and, betweenintervening pairs of vanes 23, each rod 27 supports a so-calledring-shredder 30, that is, an annular crushing element or hammer havinga peripherally interrupted grinding surface preferably for the purposeprovided with a circumferential groove 31 whose walls are alternatelyperipherally notched, as at 32. We might add that one terminal vane 23of each series is spaced sufficiently from the adjacent end-disc 24 toalso accommodate therebetween a hammer 29 or 30, as the case may be.

Each of the rings 29, 30, is bored to a diameter substantially greaterthan that of its supporting rod 27 in such manner that the rings 29, 30,are not only rotatable on the rod 27 but are each both rotatable'with,and shiftable towards and from the shaft B. While preferably the outsidediameter of the grinder-ring 29 is smaller than that of theshredder-ring 30, the bore of the latter is correspondingly smaller thanthat of the grinderring 29, hence the rings 29, 30, when in fullyradially extended position are peripherally equally distant from theshaft B.

And as best seen in Figures 1 and 2, preferably the grinders 29 andshredders 30 are successively inversely arranged on the annular seriesof rods 27, in such manner that each part of the grinding surfaces E, F,is adequately and efficiently subjected to a combined grinding andshredding ac io during the operation of the machine.

The front wall 6 of the upper casing-section is provided with a topflange or laterally projecting wall 33 bounding the front side of thefeed opening 12, and vertically spaced from the wall 33 is a lowertransverse wall 34 laterally inwardly projecting from the wall 6 underand beyond the wall 33. Resting on the similarly beveled inner faces ofthe walls 33, 34, is the breaker-plate D, which is hence inclineddownwardly and inwardly toward the hammer-mechanism C, and extendssubstantially between the side walls 8, 9, of the casing A. From thefront or outer side of the plate D, projects a lug 35 apertured toreceive a bolt 36, which, passed through the adjacent casing-wall 6,serves to separably support the break er-plate D against the obliqueends of the walls 33, 34.

At its lower side corners, the plate D rests also on respective opposingbosses 37 inwardly projecting from the lower side-walls 3, 4, andpreferably the upper and lower margins of the plate D are beveled to besubstantially horizontal when the plate is mounted in the machine. Wemight add that, for strength and wearing qualities, the plate D isthicker at its bottom than at its top, and its front and rear faces arepreferably plane, although obviously the front face thereof may becorrugated or otherwise suitably deformed for increasing the efficiencyof the breaker plate in its intended functions.

The bosses 37 are bored to receive correspond ing pivots 38 endwisepresented from the upper side corners of the arcuate grinding plate E,which extends substantially between the side walls 3, 4, for swingableactuation therebetween. Preferably the upper margin of the plate E isdisposed substantially under, and hence more or less masked by, thelower edge of the breaker-plate D, of which the plate E forms aswingably adjustable continuation.

At its pivot point, the plate E is preferably spaced in throat-likemanner from the peripheral path of the hammer-mechanism C, but isadapted at its swingable end to be shifted toward or from said hammersfor varying the co-operable grinding action therebetween. And for suchpurpose the outer side of the plate E is provided with projectinglongitudinally spaced yokes 39 having aligned shaft-receptive elongatedslots 40, in and through which is shiftably mounted an eccentric bar orshaft 41. The shaft 41 extends between the side walls 3, 4; and forcircular or axial oscillation in the casing A and correspondingactuative reciprocation in said slots 40, the shaft 41 is at itsopposite ends eccentrically mounted and journaled in opposing discs orbushings 42 mounted for rotation respectively in and through therespective side walls 3, 4. Each bushing 42 concentrically carries agear 43 exteriorly or outwardly presented from the side walls 3, 4, saidgears engaging, for simultaneous actuation thereby, respective pinions44 mounted at the opposite ends of a shaft 45 journaled in and throughthe respective walls 3, 4. A hand wheel 46 is conveniently mounted onthe end of the shaft 45 eX- teriorly of the wall 3 for manipulation ofthe shaft 45 with the corresponding rotation of the bushings 42 forcircularly or axially shifting the bar 41 and effecting, in co-operationwith the yokes 39, swingable actuation of the plate E. We might add thatpreferably the yoke-engaging portions of the shaft 41 are of rectangularcross-section, as best seen in Figure 2, but obviously the shaft 41 maybe of circular section throughout, if desired.

Somewhat below and rearwardly of the bushings i2, is another pair ofopposing bushings 47 mounted for rotation in and through the respectiveside-walls 3, 4. Each bushing 47 carries an exteriorly presented gear48, said gears engaging, for simultaneous actuation thereby, respectivepinions 49 mounted at the opposite ends of a shaft 50 journaled in andthrough the respective walls 3, 4. A hand wheel 51 is convenientlymounted on the end of the shaft 50 exteriorly the wall 3 formanipulation of the shaft 50 with corresponding rotation of the bushings47 for a purpose soon appearing.

The cradle F includes a shiftable fulcrum or shaft 52 extending betweenthe side walls 3, 4, and having its opposite ends eccentrically mountedin, and for axial oscillatory actuation by, the bushings 47. The shaft52 previously supports the respective forward, suitably apertured, endsof a pair of transversely-spaced cradle-beams 53 of inverted L-shapedcross-section, each extending substantially from front to rear of thecasing A adjacent a side wall 3 or 4 thereof, as the case may be. Thebeams 53 are suitably structurally connected by end and intermediatetransverse stiffening members or spacer-bars 54, 55, respectively, asbest seen in Figure 2. The outstanding legs 53' of the beams 53 arelongitudinally arcuately curved, forming a seat for the grate G, as willsoon appear, said seat extending under, and to the rear of, the hammermechanism C. i

At their rear ends, the beams 53 are suspended for oscillation onrespective chains 56, each attached, as at 56a, to arms 53a presentedfor the purpose rearwardly from the respective beams 53. And forswingable cradle-elevating-or-lowering actuation thereof, each chain 56is trained over one of a pair of sprockets 57 mounted on a shaft 58,said shaft 53 preferably being extended between, and journaled at itsopposite ends in, the respective side walls 3, 4.

The shaft 58 further extends at an end through the wall 3 and exteriorlythereof carries a gear 59 for meshing with a pinion 60 mounted rotarilyon a stub-shaft 61 presented for the purpose from the side-wall 8. Ahand wheel 62 is conveniently, for manipulation thereof, attachedto thepinionSG, and a latch or pawl 63, pivoted pref erably on the stub-shaft61, releasably engages a tooth on the gear 59 for preventing accidentalmovement of the shaft 58.

Under normal operating conditions, the slack portions of the chains 56form pendent loops between the sprockets 5'7 and the rear wall 2 of thecasing, to which the free ends of the chains are for safety attachedeye-bolts 64, as best seen in Figure 2.

Extending from the end of the plate E substantially under, and aroundthe rear quarter of, the hammer mechanism C, is the'cylindro-segmentalapertured grinding surface or grate G, supported by the cradle F forshiftable adjustable co-operation. with the hammer mechanism C. Thegrate G engages its side margins with the flanges 53 of the cradle beams53, and has an end adjacent to and hence substantially forming acontinuation of the grinding surface E, the grate G being disposedsuhstanti in radial alignment with the center of the it 52, whereby thegrate G may freely swing relatively to said shaft without interferingwith the hammer-mechanism C, as will later appear.

The grate G is detachably retained on and secured to the cradle F by andclosure is effected between the sides of the grate G and the side walls3,4, of the casing A through the medium of, respective ones of a seriesof substantially endwise abutting arcuate or segmental liners H, H,varying in length only, and each comprising preferably a base wall 66resting on, and for support by, the adjacent side margin of the cradleF, and a reclined wall 6'7 laterally extending from and conjoined to theinner edge of the base 66 for substantially at its upper end slidablyenga ing the side wall liners 4f.

Bolts 68, passing through the respective flanges 53', are adapted toproject through the grate G for engagement with and through respectivetransverse slots 69 provided for the purpose in the bottom wall 66. Theliners H, H, hence are shiftably adjustable toward and from the sidewalls 3, .4, of the casing A and serve also to hold thegrate G firmly onthe cradle-beams 53, as best seen in Figure 1. And preferably, as shownin Figure 2, liners H, similar in form and function to the liners H, arefor like purpose suitably attached to the respective side margins of thegrinding-plate E.

At its rearwardly upcurved end, each beam 53 is provided with an upwardfacing flange 70 disposed substantially at the end of the grate G.Having a base wall 71 shiftably resting on and for support by theflanges '70 and structurally conmeeting the beams 53, is the transverseend closure K preferably of substantially L-shaped or anglecross-section and having, laterally extending from and conjoined to theinner edge of the base-wall 71, a wall 71 substantially tangent to thegrate G. Bolts 72, passed through the respective flanges '70, engageslots 73 provided in the base-wall 71. for shiftable adjustment of theclosure K on the cradleF.

Extending between the side walls 8,

9, and f disposed adjacent the rear end wall '7, of the upper section ofthe casing A, is the trough-like receptacle orv so-called trap-pocket Lsuitably spacedfrom the top wall 10 and having side walls '74 supportedby suitable fastening elements 15 on the respective sidewalls 8, 9. Thebottom wall 76 of the pocket L abuts and forwardly extends from the endwall '7 of the casing, and merges into an inner forwardly inclinedrelatively shallow end wall 7'7 having suitably attached on itshammer-opposing sidea liner 77, which is for material-retaining purposesadapted to be slidably engaged by the end of the wall 71 of the closureK, which, in turn, is correspondingly to the position of the grate Gshift-ably adjustable l overcast from the grate F finds entrance to thepocket L through the elongated opening, as at 78, afforded between thecasing top-wall l0 and the upper margin of the pocket wall 77, as bestseen in Figure 2.

We might add that, for access to the pocket L, the adjacent end-wall '7has an aperture 79 pro- .vided with a suitable closure 80. And likewisefor access into the lower section of the casing A the] endwalls 1 and'2thereof have respective apertures 81, each provided with a suitableclosure 82.

In use and operation, the hammer mechanism C is usually rotated at ahigh speed to cause the hammers 29, 30, centrifugally to assume theirextreme radially outward position. The manner of opposing the vanes 23,and the disposition of the hammers, 29, 30, thereon, serve, we mightpoint out, to efficiently balance the rotative parts of the machine.

Material to be crushed, fed through the feedopening 12, impinges thebreaker-plate D, where a preliminary reduction or breaking action takesplace. The reduced material. passes into the throat between the hammersand the grinding plate E, where it is subjected to a crushing actionmerging into a more or less grinding action at the swingable end of theplate E. The co-operable grinding action between the plate E and hammermechanism C may be readily varied while the machine is running, ifdesired, suitably to the requirements of the material being crushed, bycorrespondingly manipulating the hand-wheel 46. From the grinding plateE, the ground material passes to the grate G for final comminution anddischarge from the machine.

The co-operable crushing, grinding or comminuting action between thegrate G and the hammer mechanism C may also be readily and likewisewidely varied, while the machine is running, if desired, by suitably forthe purpose manipulating either or both of the hand-wheels 51, 62.Manipulation of the hand-wheel 51 serves, in the first instance, tocircularly or axially. move the front end of the grate G toward, from,and transversely to the hammer mechanism C, the rear end of the gratehence oscillatorily swinging on the chains 56 for movement alsotransversely to the hammer mechanism C. Preferably this independentadjustment of the front end of the cradle F is employed for aligning theadjacent end of the grate F with the adjusted position of the swingableend of the plate E. And, in the second instance, manipulation of thehand wheel 62 serves by extending or retracting the chains 56 from theirrotatable support 58 to correspondingly lower or elevate the rear end ofthe grate G away from or toward the hammer mechanism C, the cradle Ffulcruming for such purpose on the shaft 52.

And, finally, it will be seen that by thus adjustably suspending eachend of the cradle F, we provide a floating grinding surface G, whichmay, at will, by co-operative manipulation of the hand-wheels 51, 62',be shifted suitably to the requirements of the material to be comminutedfor providing either a rolling, crushing, or attritive action betweenthe grate and the hammer mechanism C, or a striking, crushing, orimpactive action therebetween, or any desired combination of suchseveral crushing actions. Thus the grate G may with certainty be mostminutely and continuously adjusted for facilitating the efficientperformance of its intended functions, in a highly adaptable, safe,convenient, and practical manner.

Moreover, the grate G, in addition to being thus shiftable for variantcooperation with the hammer mechanism C, may be wholly dropped th refromboth for convenient access to the hammer mechanism C from the undersideof the machine and, more particularly, for safe-guarding the grindingparts of the machine from possible damage thereto, as by unloading ordischarging from the grinding-chamber of the machine any uncrushablematerial, tramp-iron or the like, finding its way thereinto. And forsuch purpose it is usually only necessary to raise the pawl 63 from thegear 59, when the cradle F will, pivoting on the shaft 52, drop of itsown weight for widely spacing the grate G from thehammermechanism 0 foremptying the grinding space of the machine of its contents. Should theclosure K tend to hang up or be retained for any reason on thetrap-pocket L, it may be loosened by suitable manipulation of thehand-wheel 51 for drawingthe cradle F forwardly in the machine.Ordinarily, however, the slope of the Wall 77 is such as to obviate thisdifficulty.

When so widely opened, the cradle F is suspended on the fully extendedchains 55 supported now from the casing Wall 2 by means of the eye-bolts64, and, since the chains 56 nevertheless continue to operatively engagethe sprockets 5'7, control of the cradle F is retained in the hands ofthe operator, who is thus able, on suitably actuating the hand-wheel 62for retracting the chains 56 from extended position, to return the grateF to its previous grinding position.

It will thus be seen that our invention fully and efficientlyaccomplishes its objects, and it is to be understood that changes andmodifications in the form, construction, arrangement, and combination ofthe several parts of the machine may be made and substituted for thoseherein shown and described without departing from the nature andprinciple of our invention.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

1. In a machine of the class described, a casing, a rotary hammermechanism within the easing, a breaker plate, and means for supportingthe breaker-plate in oblique disposition relatively to and forcooperation with the hammer mechanism, said means including horizontallyspaced rigid members fixed on the casing having beveled inwardlypresented plate-engaging portions, and a fastening device engaging theplate and casing.

2. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a casing, arotary hammer mechanism within the casing, a pair of horizontally spacedparallel walls laterally projecting from a wall of the casing, saidwalls being similarly beveled at their respective inner end and one ofsaid walls laterally projecting inwardly of the casing beyond the other,a breaker plate resting on the beveled ends of said spaced walls inoblique disposition relatively to the hammer m chanism, and means forsupporting the breaker plate on said Walls.

3. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a casing, arotary hammer mechanism in the casing, a grinding-concave swingablyshiftable in the casing, a trap-pocket in the cas ing adjacent an end ofthe grinding-concave, said pocket having an end wall disposed obliquelyapproximately tangent to an are about the fulcrum of thegrinding-concave, and a closure wall on the grinding concave angularlydisposed to and having endwise engaging co-operation with said pocketend Wall.

4. In a machine of the class describedin combination, a casing, a rotaryhammer mechanism within the casing, a grinding concave swinga'ble in thecasing, a trap-pocket in the casing adjacent an end of the grindingconcave and having an end wall disposed obliquely approximately tangentto an are about the fulcrum of the grinding-concave, and a closurewall-member shiftably supported relatively to and with said end of thegrinding-concave and angularly disposed to said pocket-wall for slidableengagement therewith.

EDWIN E. ELZEMEYER. HENRY C. GRIESEDIECK.

